Sanction



GRE 蓝宝 Barron TOEFL 考研

解释

GRE 红宝书

• n. / v. 批准, 认可
• ［英］ n. / v. 批准, 认可 ( to ratify or confirm; countenance)
• ［记］ sanct ( 神圣) +ion -> 神圣之物, 原指教会的法令, 引申为""批准"", ""赞许""

Webster Collegiate

I. noun

• Etymology: Middle French or Latin; Middle French, from Latin sanction-, sanctio, from sancire to make holy — more at sacred
• Date: 15th century
• 1. a formal decree; especially an ecclesiastical decree
• 2.
  • a. obsolete a solemn agreement ; oath
  • b. something that makes an oath binding
• 3. the detriment, loss of reward, or coercive intervention annexed to a violation of a law as a means of enforcing the law
• 4.
  • a. a consideration, principle, or influence (as of conscience) that impels to moral action or determines moral judgment
  • b. a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
  • c. explicit or official approval, permission, or ratification ; approbation
• 5. an economic or military coercive measure adopted usually by several nations in concert for forcing a nation violating international law to desist or yield to adjudication

II. transitive verb (sanctioned; sanctioning)

• Date: 1778
• 1. to make valid or binding usually by a formal procedure (as ratification)
• 2. to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to
• Synonyms: see approve
• ? sanctionable adjective

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